@article{2221,
  keywords = {intergroup dynamics, social categorization},
  author = {Rupert Browna and John Turner},
  title = {The criss-cross categorization effect in intergroup discrimination},
  abstract = {<p>The effect of criss-crossing two dichotomous social categorizations on intergroup discrimination is studied. One hundred and thirty-nine 12{\textendash}13 year old schoolchildren were randomly assigned to five categorization conditions: one simple, division into one ingroup and outgroup; and four crossed, half the ingroup members by one division are outgroup members by a second division and vice versa. Simple subjects rated ingroup and outgroup members; crossed subjects rated members of both ingroups and either simultaneous members of one ingroup and outgroup, or one outgroup and ingroup, or both outgroups, or everybody. Ingroup members were rated more favourably than outgroup members (P \&lt; 0.025), this effect varying with experimental condition (P \&lt; 0.025). In group bias was found with crossed but not simple categorization and was greatest when members of both ingroups were compared to members of both outgroups. Bias was non-significant when crossed subjects rated everybody. The significance of the data for earlier work and the explanation of social categorization effects in intergroup behaviour is discussed.</p>
},
  year = {1979},
  journal = {British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology},
  volume = {18},
  pages = {371-383},
  doi = {10.1111/j.2044-8260.1979.tb00907.x},
}