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Incoming university freshmen students were assigned to one of three racism-sexism workshops as a two-hour segment in their two-day orientation program. [...] A total of 1900 incoming students participated (803—model workshop; 577—Starpower workshop; and 520—movie workshop). [...] assignment was random across the three workshops. Students were approximately 45 percent female, 5 percent Black and 3 percent other cultural-racial minorities. [...]

Model workshop. Students were seated in a circle and the leader lead a discussion through the six stages in the model. [...] The first stage [...] The point was made that cultural racial and sexual differences exist; and that they should be openly discussed and understood by all. [...] In the second stage, [...] the concept that individual racism is action taken by one individual toward another that results in negative outcomes because the other person is identified with a certain group is discussed [...]. "Examining racial attitudes" is the title of the third stage. Here we discuss the Situational Attitude Scale (SAS) results that have shown consistently negative attitudes of whites toward Blacks. [...] In stage four we [...] make the point that we all have racial and sexual stereotypes that determine how we feel and act toward other people [...]. In the last two stages we get to the heart of the matter; changing behavior—what can be done. [...]

Starpower workshop. The leader conducted the Starpower simulation [...]. Participants bargained, traded and interacted, both while sitting in small groups and standing. The structured discussion following the Starpower game used specific, preplanned questions to cover topic areas related to individual and institutional racism and sexism.

Movie workshop. participants were shown one of three films, [...]. All three films dealt with various aspects of racism and sexism in our society [...]. Upon completion of the films, the leader conducted a relatively unstructured question and answer discussion session lasting from a half hour to more than an hour.

During the last ten minutes of each session of each workshop, students completed a questionnaire concerning their feelings, information they possessed, and behavior intentions. [...]