Promoting intergroup contact by changing beliefs: Group malleability, intergroup anxiety, and contact motivation.

Publication Year
2012

Type

Journal Article
Abstract

Intergroup contact plays a crucial role in moderating long-term conflicts. Unfortunately, the motivation to make contact with outgroup members is usually very low in such conflicts. We hypothesized that one limiting factor is the belief that groups cannot change, which leads to increased intergroup anxiety and decreased contact motivation. To test this hypothesis, we experimentally manipulated beliefs about group malleability in the context of the conflict between Greek and Turkish Cypriots and then assessed intergroup anxiety and motivation to engage in intergroup contact. Turkish Cypriots who were led to believe that groups can change (with no mention of the specific groups involved) reported lower levels of intergroup anxiety and higher motivation to interact and communicate with Greek Cypriots in the future, compared with those who were led to believe that groups cannot change. This effect of group malleability manipulation on contact motivation was mediated by intergroup anxiety.

Journal
Emotion
Volume
12
Pages
1192
Type of Article
Journal Article
Full text

The following is an excerpt of the intervention methodology. For more information, please see the full text of the article on the publisher's website or through your institution's library.

Participants and Procedure Sixty-two Turkish Cypriots (31 women) aged 21 to 71 (M = 35.64, SD = 12.65) took part in what they believed were two separate studies. In the first study, described as a reading comprehension task, participants were randomly assigned to read an article that portrayed aggressive groups as having a fixed nature or a malleable nature. Later, in a second and ostensibly unrelated study on the ongoing conflict, levels of intergroup anxiety and motivation to engage in intergroup contact with Greek Cypriots were assessed. Participants were randomly assigned to read one of two Psychology Today–style scientific articles. The articles were in the participants’ own language and described groups that were involved in violent actions, conflicts, and had strong separatist tendencies. [...] All participants then completed a set of questionnaires in which we embedded measures assessing beliefs about groups, intergroup anxiety, and the willingness to interact with outgroup members.

Measures Beliefs about groups were measured with four items [...] Intergroup anxiety was assessed with five items [...] Participants were asked to rate how much they thought they would feel each of the following if they were to meet a Greek Cypriot in the future [...] Participants were asked to rate the extent to which (rated 1, not at all to 6, to a very large extent) they would prefer to have Turkish Cypriot as a conversation partner and Greek Cypriot as a conversation partner [...]

Type of Prejudice/Bias
Country
Method
Setting